The Munro system or Ryotwari System


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

The Munro system or Ryotwari System

The Munro System or Ryotwari System:-The new system that was devised came to be known as the Ryotwar. It was tried on a small scale by captain Alexander read in some of the areas that were taken over by the company after the wars with Tipu sultan.

Munro felt that in the south there were no traditional zamindars. The settlement they argued had to be made directly with the cultivators who had tilled the land for generation.

Their fields had to be carefully and separately surveyed before the revenue assessment was made. Munro thought that the British should act as paternal father figures protecting the Ryots under their charges.

* FEATURES OF RYOTWARI SYSTEM

  • This system of land revenue was instituted in the late 18th century by Sir Thomas Munro, Governor of Madras in 1820.
  • This was practised in the Madras and Bombay areas, as well as Assam and Coorg provinces.
  • In this system, the peasants or cultivators were regarded as the owners of the land. They had ownership rights, could sell, mortgage or gift the land.
  • The taxes were directly collected by the government from the peasants.
  • The rates were 50% in dry land and 60% in the wet land.
  • The rates were high and unlike the Permanent System, they were open to being increased.
  • If they failed to pay the taxes, they were evicted by the government.
  • Riot means peasant cultivators.
  • Here there were no middlemen as in the Zamandari system.. But, since high taxes had to be paid only in cash (no option of paying in kind as before the British) the problem of moneylenders came into the show. They further burdened the peasants with heavy interests.
  • Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    Name the two people involved in the expansion of the Ryotwari System .

    Right Option : D
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    Question : 2

    What were the disadvantages of the ryotwari system ?

    Right Option : C
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    Question : 3

    The ________ system was introduced to collect revenues from the cultivators of agricultural land, the ryots .

    Right Option : C
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